hamlab/internal/api/server.go

// Package api is the HTTP/WebSocket surface: auth, terminal CRUD, attach, static UI.
package api

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"crypto/subtle"
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"io/fs"
	"log"
	"mime"
	"net"
	"net/http"
	"net/http/pprof"
	"net/url"
	"os"
	"os/exec"
	"os/user"
	"path/filepath"
	"runtime"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"syscall"
	"time"

	"github.com/coder/websocket"

	"hamlab/internal/auth"
	"hamlab/internal/config"
	"hamlab/internal/cron"
	"hamlab/internal/files"
	"hamlab/internal/hardware"
	"hamlab/internal/incus"
	"hamlab/internal/metrics"
	"hamlab/internal/network"
	"hamlab/internal/nodes"
	"hamlab/internal/priv"
	"hamlab/internal/sensors"
	"hamlab/internal/services"
	"hamlab/internal/setup"
	"hamlab/internal/space"
	"hamlab/internal/storage"
	"hamlab/internal/store"
	"hamlab/internal/tasks"
	"hamlab/internal/term"
	"hamlab/internal/updates"
)

const cookieName = "hamlab_session"

type Server struct {
	// Restart replaces the running process with the binary on disk; it only returns on failure.
	Restart func() error

	cfg         *config.Config
	sessions    *auth.Sessions
	limiter     auth.Limiter
	mgr         *term.Manager
	metrics     *metrics.Collector
	sensors     *sensors.Registry
	streams     streamGate
	alerts      *alertEngine
	store       *store.Store
	svc         *services.Manager
	cron        *cron.Manager
	tasks       *tasks.Manager
	updates     *updates.Manager
	storage     *storage.Manager
	hardware    *hardware.Manager
	space       *space.Manager
	net         *network.Watcher
	update      updateState
	events      eventLog
	kvms        kvmProxies
	virt        *incus.Manager
	fsLocal     files.FS
	fsSudo      files.FS // nil without passwordless sudo
	thumbs      *thumbSvc
	nodes       *nodes.Manager
	fingerprint string
	version     string
	started     time.Time
	user        string
	host        string // the machine's hostname as last read; use hostName(), it can change under us
	hostMu      sync.Mutex
	hostAt      time.Time
	ui          fs.FS
	mux         *http.ServeMux
}

func New(cfg *config.Config, sessions *auth.Sessions, mgr *term.Manager, col *metrics.Collector, st *store.Store, svc *services.Manager, cr *cron.Manager, tm *tasks.Manager, up *updates.Manager, sto *storage.Manager, fsLocal, fsSudo files.FS, nm *nodes.Manager, fingerprint string, ui fs.FS, version string) *Server {
	s := &Server{cfg: cfg, sessions: sessions, mgr: mgr, metrics: col, sensors: sensors.NewRegistry(col), store: st, svc: svc, cron: cr, tasks: tm, updates: up, storage: sto, fsLocal: fsLocal, fsSudo: fsSudo, nodes: nm, fingerprint: fingerprint, ui: ui, version: version,
		hardware: hardware.New(), started: time.Now(), user: os.Getenv("USER")}
	self, err := os.Executable()
	if err != nil {
		self = "hamlab"
	}
	s.space = space.New(self, filepath.Join(cfg.DataDir(), "space"))
	s.thumbs = newThumbSvc(cfg.DataDir(), self)
	s.hostName() // read it once now so the first request doesn't have to
	if u, err := user.Current(); err == nil && u.Username != "" {
		s.user = u.Username
	}
	if s.user == "" {
		s.user = "?"
	}
	s.virt = incus.New(cfg.DataDir(), s.user, version)
	s.migrateUsers()
	// The speed test and the outside view. Its history outlives a restart, and its last result
	// is published as sensors, so the line is graphable and alertable like anything else.
	s.net = network.NewWatcher(s.keepResult)
	s.net.Test.Load(s.loadNetwork())
	s.sensors.Add(netSensors{s.net})
	s.sensors.Add(newStatusSensors(s))
	s.alerts = newAlertEngine(s)
	// The saved dashboard layout carries the sampling interval; apply it on boot.
	var histSec int
	st.View(func(x *store.State) { histSec = x.HistorySec })
	if histSec > 0 {
		col.SetWindow(time.Duration(histSec) * time.Second)
	}
	// The sampler follows the console's refresh rate. A machine remembers what it was last told;
	// the hub reads the rate from the saved UI prefs and tells everyone again, because a node
	// that restarted, or was added since, would otherwise sample at its default until somebody
	// happened to open its Dashboard.
	var samplerMs int
	var uiRaw json.RawMessage
	st.View(func(x *store.State) {
		samplerMs, uiRaw = x.SamplerMs, x.UI
		if len(uiRaw) == 0 && len(x.Users) > 0 { // any account's saved rate, before the machine had one of its own
			for _, u := range x.Users {
				uiRaw = u.UI
				break
			}
		}
	})
	if samplerMs > 0 {
		col.SetInterval(time.Duration(samplerMs) * time.Millisecond)
	}
	if nm != nil {
		var ui struct {
			RefreshMs float64 `json:"refreshMs"`
		}
		if samplerMs > 0 {
			go s.setSampler(samplerMs, false)
		} else if json.Unmarshal(uiRaw, &ui) == nil && ui.RefreshMs >= 100 {
			go s.setSampler(int(ui.RefreshMs), false)
		}
		go s.keepFleetInStep()
	}
	go s.watchGuests()
	go s.watchForUpdates(context.Background())
	go s.watchDockerEvents(context.Background())

	s.mux = s.routes()
	return s
}

// routes is the whole HTTP surface. A method of its own, rather than inline in New, so a
// test can build the real router without the machinery behind it — which is what the guest
// gate is checked against, since it decides a request by asking this router where it would go.
func (s *Server) routes() *http.ServeMux {
	m := http.NewServeMux()
	m.HandleFunc("GET /healthz", func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) { w.WriteHeader(204) })
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/login", s.login)
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/tokens", s.issueToken)
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/tokens", s.auth(s.listTokens))
	m.HandleFunc("DELETE /api/tokens/{name}", s.auth(s.revokeToken))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/nodes", s.auth(s.listNodes))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/nodes", s.auth(s.addNode))
	m.HandleFunc("DELETE /api/nodes/{name}", s.auth(s.removeNode))
	m.HandleFunc("/api/nodes/{name}/{rest...}", s.auth(s.proxyNode))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/self-update", s.auth(s.selfUpdate))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/update", s.auth(s.updateStatus))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/update/check", s.auth(s.updateCheck))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/update/install", s.auth(s.updateInstall))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/machines/{name}/update", s.auth(s.updateMachine))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/machines-update-all", s.auth(s.updateAllMachines))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/logout", s.auth(s.logout))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/me", s.auth(s.me))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/terminals", s.auth(s.listTerminals))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/terminals", s.auth(s.createTerminal))
	m.HandleFunc("PATCH /api/terminals/{id}", s.auth(s.renameTerminal))
	m.HandleFunc("DELETE /api/terminals/{id}", s.auth(s.deleteTerminal))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/terminals/{id}/attach", s.auth(s.attach))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/sensors", s.sensorAuth(s.sensorCatalog))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/sensors/query", s.sensorAuth(s.sensorQuery))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/sensors/query", s.sensorAuth(s.sensorQuery))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/sensors/stream", s.sensorAuth(s.sensorStream))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/sensors/history", s.sensorAuth(s.sensorHistories))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/sensors/prometheus", s.sensorAuth(s.sensorProm))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /metrics", s.sensorAuth(s.sensorProm))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/sensors/{id}", s.sensorAuth(s.sensorOne))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/sensors/{id}/history", s.sensorAuth(s.sensorHistory))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/nodes/{name}/sensors", s.sensorAuth(s.proxyNodeSensors))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/nodes/{name}/sensors/{rest...}", s.sensorAuth(s.proxyNodeSensors))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/nodes/{name}/sensors/query", s.sensorAuth(s.proxyNodeSensors))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/tokens/read", s.auth(s.issueReadToken))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/docker", s.auth(s.dockerOverview))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/docker/stacks", s.auth(s.stacksList))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/docker/stacks", s.auth(s.stackCreate))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/docker/stacks/homes", s.auth(s.stackHomes))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/docker/stacks/{name}/delete", s.auth(s.stackDelete))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/docker/images/pull", s.auth(s.imagePull))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/docker/images/remove", s.auth(s.imageRemove))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/docker/images/prune", s.auth(s.imagePrune))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/docker/volumes/remove", s.auth(s.volumeRemove))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/docker/volumes/prune", s.auth(s.volumePrune))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/docker/networks/remove", s.auth(s.networkRemove))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/docker/networks/prune", s.auth(s.networkPrune))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/docker/stacks/{name}", s.auth(s.stackFile))
	m.HandleFunc("PUT /api/docker/stacks/{name}", s.auth(s.stackSave))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/docker/stacks/{name}/{action}", s.auth(s.stackAction))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/docker/stacks/{name}/diff", s.auth(s.stackDiff))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/docker/stacks/{name}/updates", s.auth(s.stackUpdates))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/docker/updates", s.auth(s.machineUpdates))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/docker/schedules", s.auth(s.dsList))
	m.HandleFunc("PUT /api/docker/schedules", s.auth(s.dsPut))
	m.HandleFunc("DELETE /api/docker/schedules/{id}", s.auth(s.dsDelete))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/docker/schedules/{id}/run", s.auth(s.dsRun))
	// Asked of a node through this hub, every one of these is the node's to answer: the
	// generic /api/nodes/{name}/{rest...} proxy above carries them there unchanged.
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/docker/containers/{id}/{action}", s.auth(s.dockerAction))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/docker/containers/{id}/logs", s.auth(s.dockerLogs))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/docker/containers/{id}/logs/tail", s.auth(s.dockerTail))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/docker/containers/{id}/inspect", s.auth(s.dockerInspect))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/docker/containers/{id}/health", s.auth(s.dockerHealth))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/docker/containers/{id}/events", s.auth(s.dockerEvents))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/docker/containers/{id}/exec", s.auth(s.dockerExec))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/docker/containers/{id}/limits", s.auth(s.dockerUpdate))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/virt", s.auth(s.virtOverview))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/virt/install", s.auth(s.virtInstall))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/virt/images/remote", s.auth(s.virtRemoteImages))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/virt/images/download", s.auth(s.virtImageDownload))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/virt/images/import", s.auth(s.virtImageImport))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/virt/images/publish", s.auth(s.virtImagePublish))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/virt/images/delete", s.auth(s.virtImageDelete))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/virt/instances", s.auth(s.virtCreate))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/virt/instances/{name}", s.auth(s.virtInstance))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/virt/instances/{name}/rename", s.auth(s.virtRename))
	m.HandleFunc("PUT /api/virt/instances/{name}/config", s.auth(s.virtConfig))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/virt/instances/{name}/snapshots", s.auth(s.virtSnapshotCreate))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/virt/instances/{name}/snapshots/{snap}/{action}", s.auth(s.virtSnapshotAction))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/virt/instances/from-iso", s.auth(s.virtFromISO))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/virt/instances/{name}/vga", s.auth(s.virtVGA))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/virt/instances/{name}/iso", s.auth(s.virtISOAttach))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/virt/instances/{name}/iso/detach", s.auth(s.virtISODetach))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/virt/instances/{name}/mounts", s.auth(s.virtMountAdd))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/virt/instances/{name}/mounts/remove", s.auth(s.virtMountRemove))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/virt/instances/{name}/{action}", s.auth(s.virtAction))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/virt/isos/fetch", s.auth(s.virtISOFetch))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/virt/isos/import", s.auth(s.virtISOImport))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/virt/isos/delete", s.auth(s.virtISODelete))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/virt/isos/rename", s.auth(s.virtISORename))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/virt/exports", s.auth(s.virtExports))
	m.HandleFunc("PUT /api/virt/exports", s.auth(s.virtExportsPut))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/virt/exports/run", s.auth(s.virtExportsRun))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/virt/exports/delete", s.auth(s.virtExportDelete))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/virt/sshkeys", s.auth(s.virtSSHKeys))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/virt/pools", s.auth(s.virtPoolCreate))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/virt/pools/delete", s.auth(s.virtPoolDelete))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/alerts", s.auth(s.alertsGet))
	m.HandleFunc("PUT /api/alerts", s.auth(s.alertsPut))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/alerts/test", s.auth(s.alertsTest))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/fleet/sensors/query", s.sensorAuth(s.fleetQuery))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/fleet/sensors/query", s.sensorAuth(s.fleetQuery))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/services", s.auth(s.listServices))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/services/{unit}", s.auth(s.showService))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/services/{unit}/file", s.auth(s.serviceFile))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/services/{unit}/logs", s.auth(s.serviceLogs))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/services/{unit}/logs/tail", s.auth(s.serviceTail))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/services/{unit}/{action}", s.auth(s.serviceAction))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/cron", s.auth(s.cronOverview))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/cron/source", s.auth(s.cronSource))
	m.HandleFunc("PUT /api/cron/source", s.auth(s.cronWriteSource))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/cron/jobs/{id}/logs", s.auth(s.cronJobLogs))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/cron/jobs/{id}/output", s.auth(s.cronJobOutput))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/cron/jobs/{id}/{action}", s.auth(s.cronJobAction))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/cron/runs/{id}", s.auth(s.cronRun))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/cron/timers/{unit}/{action}", s.auth(s.cronTimerAction))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/tasks", s.auth(s.listTasks))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/tasks/{id}", s.auth(s.getTask))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/tasks/{id}/stream", s.auth(s.streamTask))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/tasks/{id}/cancel", s.auth(s.cancelTask))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/updates", s.auth(s.updatesStatus))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/updates/refresh", s.auth(s.updatesRefresh))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/updates/upgrade", s.auth(s.updatesUpgrade))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/updates/changelog", s.auth(s.updatesChangelog))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/power/{action}", s.auth(s.power))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/updates/install", s.auth(s.updatesInstall))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/files", s.auth(s.filesList))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/files/stat", s.auth(s.filesStat))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/files/read", s.auth(s.filesRead))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/files/download", s.auth(s.filesRead))
	m.HandleFunc("PUT /api/files/write", s.auth(s.filesWrite))
	m.HandleFunc("PUT /api/files/upload", s.auth(s.filesUpload))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/files/mkdir", s.auth(s.filesMkdir))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/files/touch", s.auth(s.filesTouch))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/files/rename", s.auth(s.filesRename))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/files/delete", s.auth(s.filesDelete))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/files/chmod", s.auth(s.filesChmod))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/files/thumb", s.auth(s.filesThumb))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/files/thumbs", s.auth(s.thumbsStatus))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/files/thumbs/install", s.auth(s.thumbsInstall))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/files/thumbs/gpu-access", s.auth(s.thumbsGPUAccess))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/hardware", s.auth(s.hardwareReport))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/network", s.auth(s.networkOverview))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/vpn", s.auth(s.vpnReport))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/vpn/{iface}/peers", s.auth(s.addVPNPeer))
	m.HandleFunc("PATCH /api/vpn/{iface}/peers/{section}", s.auth(s.editVPNPeer))
	m.HandleFunc("DELETE /api/vpn/{iface}/peers/{section}", s.auth(s.removeVPNPeer))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/network/speedtest", s.auth(s.speedtestState))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/network/speedtest", s.auth(s.speedtestStart))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/network/speedtest/cancel", s.auth(s.speedtestCancel))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/storage", s.auth(s.storageOverview))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/storage/smart/{dev}", s.auth(s.storageSmart))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/storage/smart/{dev}/test/{kind}", s.auth(s.storageSmartTest))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/storage/zfs/snapshots", s.auth(s.zfsSnapshots))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/storage/zfs/scrub/{pool}/{action}", s.auth(s.zfsScrub))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/storage/zfs/snapshot", s.auth(s.zfsSnapshot))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/zfs", s.auth(s.zfsOverview))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/zfs/arc", s.auth(s.zfsARC))
	m.HandleFunc("PUT /api/zfs/schedules", s.auth(s.zfsPolicyPut))
	m.HandleFunc("DELETE /api/zfs/schedules/{id}", s.auth(s.zfsPolicyDelete))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/zfs/schedules/{id}/run", s.auth(s.zfsRunNow))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/zfs/snapshots/delete", s.auth(s.zfsSnapshotDelete))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/space", s.auth(s.spaceOverview))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/space/{disk}", s.auth(s.spaceStatus))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/space/{disk}/scan", s.auth(s.spaceScan))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/space/{disk}/cancel", s.auth(s.spaceCancel))
	m.HandleFunc("DELETE /api/space/{disk}", s.auth(s.spaceForget))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/space/{disk}/tree", s.auth(s.spaceTree))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/space/{disk}/largest", s.auth(s.spaceLargest))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/procs", s.auth(s.procList))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/procs/{pid}/signal", s.auth(s.procSignal))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/password", s.auth(s.changePassword))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/users", s.auth(s.listUsers))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/users", s.auth(s.addUser))
	m.HandleFunc("DELETE /api/users/{name}", s.auth(s.removeUser))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/users/{name}/password", s.auth(s.resetPassword))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/guests", s.auth(s.listGuests))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/guests", s.auth(s.addGuest))
	m.HandleFunc("DELETE /api/guests/{name}", s.auth(s.revokeGuest))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/sessions", s.auth(s.listSessions))
	m.HandleFunc("DELETE /api/sessions/{id}", s.auth(s.revokeSession))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/sessions/revoke-others", s.auth(s.revokeOtherSessions))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/sessions/revoke-idle", s.auth(s.revokeIdleSessions))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/prefs/ui", s.auth(s.getUIPrefs))
	m.HandleFunc("PUT /api/prefs/ui", s.auth(s.putUIPrefs))
	// Go runtime profiles, behind the login, for chasing memory/CPU (bug 14).
	m.Handle("/api/debug/pprof/", s.auth(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		r.URL.Path = strings.TrimPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/api")
		pprof.Index(w, r)
	}))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/prefs/sampler", s.auth(s.getSampler))
	m.HandleFunc("PUT /api/prefs/sampler", s.auth(s.putSampler))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/prefs/history", s.auth(s.getHistoryWindow))
	m.HandleFunc("PUT /api/prefs/history", s.auth(s.putHistoryWindow))
	m.HandleFunc("GET /api/kvms", s.auth(s.listKVMs))
	m.HandleFunc("POST /api/kvms", s.auth(s.addKVM))
	m.HandleFunc("DELETE /api/kvms/{id}", s.auth(s.removeKVM))
	m.HandleFunc("/kvm/{id}/{rest...}", s.auth(s.serveKVM))
	m.HandleFunc("/kvm/{id}", s.auth(s.serveKVM))
	// A path Ham Lab does not serve may still belong to a KVM's page, which asks for its
	// own assets by absolute path. Ham Lab's own routes matched first, so this can only
	// catch what would otherwise have been a 404.
	m.HandleFunc("/api/", s.auth(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		if s.kvmFallback(w, r) {
			return
		}
		jsonErr(w, 404, "not found")
	}))
	m.HandleFunc("/", s.static)
	return m
}

// sensorPath reports whether a path belongs to the read-only sensor API.
func sensorPath(p string) bool {
	if p == "/metrics" || p == "/api/sensors" || strings.HasPrefix(p, "/api/sensors/") || strings.HasPrefix(p, "/api/fleet/sensors/") {
		return true
	}
	if rest, ok := strings.CutPrefix(p, "/api/nodes/"); ok {
		if _, after, ok := strings.Cut(rest, "/"); ok {
			return after == "sensors" || strings.HasPrefix(after, "sensors/")
		}
	}
	return false
}

// Handler wraps the mux with headers a root-capable console should always send.
func (s *Server) Handler() http.Handler {
	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		h := w.Header()
		// The console must never be framed. Two exceptions: an embedded widget exists to be
		// (a page that can only read sensors, and only with a read-only token in its URL),
		// and a proxied KVM is framed by the console itself — 'none' forbids that even from
		// the same origin, so those paths say 'self' instead of opening up.
		switch {
		case r.URL.Path == "/embed/widget":
		case strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, kvmPrefix):
			h.Set("X-Frame-Options", "SAMEORIGIN")
			h.Set("Content-Security-Policy", "frame-ancestors 'self'")
		default:
			h.Set("X-Frame-Options", "DENY")
			h.Set("Content-Security-Policy", "frame-ancestors 'none'")
		}
		h.Set("X-Content-Type-Options", "nosniff")
		// The sensor API is for other people's pages too. Any origin may read it — with a
		// token, never the session: "*" is the one value browsers refuse to pair with
		// cookies, so a foreign page can't ride a logged-in console. Nothing else is opened.
		if sensorPath(r.URL.Path) {
			h.Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
			if r.Method == http.MethodOptions {
				h.Set("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET, POST")
				h.Set("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Authorization, Content-Type")
				h.Set("Access-Control-Max-Age", "86400")
				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
				return
			}
		}
		h.Set("Referrer-Policy", "no-referrer")
		s.mux.ServeHTTP(w, r)
	})
}

// ---- helpers ----

func jsonOK(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, v any) {
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	w.WriteHeader(code)
	_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(v)
}

func jsonErr(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, msg string) {
	jsonOK(w, code, map[string]string{"error": msg})
}

func secure(r *http.Request) bool {
	return r.TLS != nil || strings.EqualFold(r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-Proto"), "https")
}

func (s *Server) setCookie(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, tok string, maxAge int) {
	http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{
		Name: cookieName, Value: tok, Path: "/", MaxAge: maxAge,
		HttpOnly: true, Secure: secure(r), SameSite: http.SameSiteStrictMode,
	})
}

// signedIn reports whether a request carries a live browser session, without the
// side effects of the auth middleware.
func (s *Server) signedIn(r *http.Request) bool {
	c, err := r.Cookie(cookieName)
	if err != nil {
		return false
	}
	_, ok := s.sessions.Lookup(c.Value, clientKey(r))
	return ok
}

// cookieActor resolves the session cookie to who is calling. answered means the caller has
// already been sent an error and the handler must not run: the account behind a live session
// has gone away, or a guest login's time is up — so a console left open on a visitor's phone
// stops at the expiry, not at whatever they click next.
func (s *Server) cookieActor(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (a actor, ok, answered bool) {
	c, err := r.Cookie(cookieName)
	if err != nil {
		return actor{}, false, false
	}
	ses, live := s.sessions.Lookup(c.Value, clientKey(r))
	if !live {
		return actor{}, false, false
	}
	var u config.User
	var found bool
	s.cfg.View(func(cf *config.Config) { u, found = cf.User(ses.User) })
	if !found || u.Expired(time.Now()) {
		s.sessions.Delete(c.Value)
		s.setCookie(w, r, "", -1)
		if found {
			jsonErr(w, 401, "this guest login has expired")
		} else {
			jsonErr(w, 401, "that account no longer exists")
		}
		return actor{}, false, true
	}
	return actor{User: ses.User, Session: ses.ID, token: c.Value, Guest: u.Guest, Expires: u.Expires}, true, false
}

// auth accepts the browser session cookie or a bearer API token issued to a hub.
func (s *Server) auth(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		a, ok, answered := s.cookieActor(w, r)
		if answered {
			return
		}
		if ok {
			next(w, withActor(r, a))
			return
		}
		if h := r.Header.Get("Authorization"); strings.HasPrefix(h, "Bearer ") {
			var hashes, names []string
			s.cfg.View(func(c *config.Config) {
				for _, t := range c.Tokens {
					if t.Scope == "" { // a scoped token is not a key to the machine
						hashes = append(hashes, t.Hash)
						names = append(names, t.Name)
					}
				}
			})
			if i := auth.TokenIndex(strings.TrimPrefix(h, "Bearer "), hashes); i >= 0 {
				next(w, withActor(r, actor{Token: names[i]}))
				return
			}
		}
		jsonErr(w, 401, "unauthenticated")
	}
}

// sensorAuth guards the read-only sensor endpoints: a session, any token in the
// Authorization header, or a sensors:read token as ?token= — an iframe or a browser
// EventSource can't send headers, and a token that can only read fan speeds is one we
// can afford to see in a URL. Full-control tokens are never accepted from the URL.
//
// A sensors:read token may be narrowed to ID patterns; they ride the request context
// and every handler reads sensors through s.visible. A hub forwarding such a caller to
// a node states the patterns in filterHeader, which a node believes only from a caller
// holding full control (the hub) — so the header can narrow a request, never widen one.
func (s *Server) sensorAuth(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		ok, trusted := false, false
		var patterns []string
		if a, live, answered := s.cookieActor(w, r); answered {
			return
		} else if live {
			ok, trusted = true, true
			r = withActor(r, a)
		}
		if !ok {
			presented, fromURL := strings.TrimPrefix(r.Header.Get("Authorization"), "Bearer "), false
			if presented == "" {
				presented, fromURL = r.URL.Query().Get("token"), true
			}
			if presented != "" {
				h := []byte(auth.HashToken(presented))
				s.cfg.View(func(c *config.Config) {
					for _, t := range c.Tokens {
						if subtle.ConstantTimeCompare(h, []byte(t.Hash)) != 1 {
							continue
						}
						if t.Scope == config.ScopeSensorsRead {
							ok, patterns = true, t.Sensors
						} else if t.Scope == "" && !fromURL {
							ok, trusted = true, true
						}
					}
				})
			}
		}
		if !ok {
			jsonErr(w, 401, "unauthenticated")
			return
		}
		if f := r.Header.Get(filterHeader); trusted && f != "" {
			patterns = strings.Split(f, ",")
		}
		next(w, r.WithContext(context.WithValue(r.Context(), filterKey{}, patterns)))
	}
}

// maxNameLen bounds the names people give things (terminals, tokens): they are shown in
// tabs and lists, and nothing good is 300 characters long.
const maxNameLen = 64

const filterHeader = "X-Hamlab-Sensor-Filter"

type filterKey struct{}

// allowed is the caller's ID filter: nil when it may read everything.
func allowed(r *http.Request) func(id string) bool {
	pats, _ := r.Context().Value(filterKey{}).([]string)
	if len(pats) == 0 {
		return nil
	}
	match, err := sensors.Matcher(strings.Join(pats, ","))
	if err != nil {
		return func(string) bool { return false } // a broken restriction opens nothing
	}
	return match
}

// visible is every sensor this caller may read.
func (s *Server) visible(r *http.Request) []sensors.Sensor {
	all, ok := s.sensors.All(), allowed(r)
	if ok == nil {
		return all
	}
	out := all[:0:0]
	for _, x := range all {
		if ok(x.ID) {
			out = append(out, x)
		}
	}
	return out
}

// proxyNodeSensors lets a sensors:read token reach a managed machine's sensors through
// this hub. The hub authenticates to the node as itself; the caller's token stops here.
func (s *Server) proxyNodeSensors(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	if q := r.URL.Query(); q.Has("token") {
		q.Del("token")
		r.URL.RawQuery = q.Encode()
	}
	r.Header.Del(filterHeader)
	if pats, _ := r.Context().Value(filterKey{}).([]string); len(pats) > 0 {
		r.Header.Set(filterHeader, strings.Join(pats, ","))
	}
	s.proxyNode(w, r)
}

// issueReadToken makes a sensors:read token for a dashboard. Shown once, stored hashed.
func (s *Server) issueReadToken(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	var body struct {
		Name    string   `json:"name"`
		Sensors []string `json:"sensors"` // optional ID patterns the token is limited to
	}
	if err := json.NewDecoder(io.LimitReader(r.Body, 4096)).Decode(&body); err != nil || strings.TrimSpace(body.Name) == "" {
		jsonErr(w, 400, "name required")
		return
	}
	var pats []string
	for _, p := range body.Sensors {
		if p = strings.TrimSpace(p); p != "" && !strings.Contains(p, ",") {
			pats = append(pats, p)
		}
	}
	if _, err := sensors.Matcher(strings.Join(pats, ",")); err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, err.Error())
		return
	}
	name := strings.TrimSpace(body.Name)
	if len(name) > maxNameLen || strings.ContainsAny(name, "/\\<>\"") {
		jsonErr(w, 400, fmt.Sprintf("token names are at most %d characters, without / \\ < > or quotes", maxNameLen))
		return
	}
	tok, hash, err := auth.NewToken()
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 500, "token error")
		return
	}
	clash := false
	if err := s.cfg.Update(func(c *config.Config) {
		for _, t := range c.Tokens {
			if t.Name == name {
				clash = true
				return
			}
		}
		c.Tokens = append(c.Tokens, config.Token{Name: name, Hash: hash, Created: time.Now(), Scope: config.ScopeSensorsRead, Sensors: pats, IssuedBy: actorOf(r).User})
	}); err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 500, err.Error())
		return
	}
	if clash {
		jsonErr(w, 409, "a token with that name exists; revoke it first")
		return
	}
	log.Printf("read-only sensor token %q created (from %s)", name, clientIP(r))
	jsonOK(w, 200, map[string]string{"token": tok, "name": name, "scope": config.ScopeSensorsRead})
}

// ---- API tokens: how a hub authenticates to this node ----

// issueToken trades the password for a long-lived token, named by the caller (a hub).
// Rate-limited like login; an existing token with the same name is replaced.
func (s *Server) issueToken(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	if err := s.limiter.Allow(clientKey(r)); err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 429, "too many attempts, try again later")
		return
	}
	var body struct {
		Username string `json:"username"`
		Password string `json:"password"`
		Name     string `json:"name"`
	}
	if err := json.NewDecoder(io.LimitReader(r.Body, 4096)).Decode(&body); err != nil || strings.TrimSpace(body.Name) == "" {
		jsonErr(w, 400, "password and name required")
		return
	}
	user, ok := s.checkLogin(body.Username, body.Password)
	if !ok {
		s.limiter.Fail(clientKey(r))
		log.Printf("token request failed for %q from %s", body.Username, clientIP(r))
		if body.Username == "" {
			jsonErr(w, 401, "wrong password, or this machine has several users: give a user name")
			return
		}
		jsonErr(w, 401, "wrong user name or password")
		return
	}
	s.limiter.Reset(clientKey(r))
	s.touchUser(user)
	tok, hash, err := auth.NewToken()
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 500, "token error")
		return
	}
	name := strings.TrimSpace(body.Name)
	if err := s.cfg.Update(func(c *config.Config) {
		kept := c.Tokens[:0]
		for _, t := range c.Tokens {
			if t.Name != name {
				kept = append(kept, t)
			}
		}
		c.Tokens = append(kept, config.Token{Name: name, Hash: hash, Created: time.Now(), IssuedBy: user})
	}); err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 500, err.Error())
		return
	}
	log.Printf("API token %q issued to %s by %s", name, clientIP(r), user)
	jsonOK(w, 200, map[string]string{"token": tok, "name": name})
}

func (s *Server) listTokens(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
	var out []map[string]any
	s.cfg.View(func(c *config.Config) {
		for _, t := range c.Tokens {
			out = append(out, map[string]any{"name": t.Name, "created": t.Created, "scope": t.Scope, "sensors": t.Sensors, "issued_by": t.IssuedBy})
		}
	})
	if out == nil {
		out = []map[string]any{}
	}
	jsonOK(w, 200, out)
}

func (s *Server) revokeToken(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	name := r.PathValue("name")
	found := false
	_ = s.cfg.Update(func(c *config.Config) {
		kept := c.Tokens[:0]
		for _, t := range c.Tokens {
			if t.Name == name {
				found = true
				continue
			}
			kept = append(kept, t)
		}
		c.Tokens = kept
	})
	if !found {
		jsonErr(w, 404, "no such token")
		return
	}
	log.Printf("API token %q revoked (from %s)", name, clientIP(r))
	w.WriteHeader(204)
}

// ---- nodes: the machines this hub manages ----

func (s *Server) listNodes(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
	jsonOK(w, 200, map[string]any{"nodes": s.nodes.List(), "host": s.hostName(), "fingerprint": s.fingerprint})
}

func (s *Server) addNode(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	var body struct{ Name, URL, Username, Password string }
	if err := json.NewDecoder(io.LimitReader(r.Body, 4096)).Decode(&body); err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, "bad request")
		return
	}
	st, err := s.nodes.Add(r.Context(), strings.TrimSpace(body.Name), body.URL, strings.TrimSpace(body.Username), body.Password)
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, err.Error())
		return
	}
	log.Printf("nodes: added %s (%s) from %s", st.Name, st.URL, clientIP(r))
	jsonOK(w, 201, st)
}

func (s *Server) removeNode(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	name := r.PathValue("name")
	if err := s.nodes.Remove(r.Context(), name); err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 404, err.Error())
		return
	}
	log.Printf("nodes: removed %s (from %s)", name, clientIP(r))
	w.WriteHeader(204)
}

// selfUpdate receives a new binary from a hub, checks it runs, installs it over the
// current executable (keeping a .prev copy) and restarts the service.
func (s *Server) selfUpdate(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	if err := s.updateAllowed(r.URL.Query().Get("force") == "1"); err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 409, err.Error())
		return
	}
	tmp := filepath.Join(s.cfg.DataDir(), "hamlab.new")
	f, err := os.OpenFile(tmp, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0o755)
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 500, err.Error())
		return
	}
	n, err := io.Copy(f, io.LimitReader(r.Body, 512<<20))
	f.Close()
	if err != nil || n < 1<<20 {
		os.Remove(tmp)
		jsonErr(w, 400, "upload failed or too small to be hamlab")
		return
	}
	newVersion, err := s.installBinary(r.Context(), tmp)
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, codeOf(err, 500), err.Error())
		return
	}
	log.Printf("self-update: installed %s (was %s) from %s; restarting", newVersion, s.version, clientIP(r))
	jsonOK(w, 200, map[string]string{"version": newVersion, "previous": s.version})
	s.restartAfterUpdate()
}

// updateAllowed refuses to replace the binary under a package task or an attached terminal,
// since the restart drops both. force says to do it anyway.
func (s *Server) updateAllowed(force bool) error {
	if force {
		return nil
	}
	if t, ok := s.tasks.RunningOf("updates"); ok {
		return errors.New("busy: a package task is running (" + t.Title + "); retry with force to interrupt it")
	}
	attached := 0
	for _, t := range s.mgr.List() {
		attached += t.Clients
	}
	if attached > 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("busy: %d terminal client(s) attached; retry with force to drop them", attached)
	}
	return nil
}

// httpErr carries the status a failure deserves, so one install path serves both the
// upload handler and the updater.
type httpErr struct {
	code int
	msg  string
}

func (e httpErr) Error() string { return e.msg }

func codeOf(err error, dflt int) int {
	var h httpErr
	if errors.As(err, &h) {
		return h.code
	}
	return dflt
}

// installBinary checks that the file at tmp is a working hamlab for this machine and puts
// it in place of the running one, keeping the old one as hamlab.prev. It returns the new
// version. The caller restarts.
func (s *Server) installBinary(ctx context.Context, tmp string) (string, error) {
	defer os.Remove(tmp)
	exe, err := os.Executable()
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	exe, _ = filepath.EvalSymlinks(exe)
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 15*time.Second)
	defer cancel()
	// It must at least run and identify itself before it replaces us.
	out, err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, tmp, "version").Output()
	if err != nil || !strings.HasPrefix(string(out), "hamlab ") {
		return "", httpErr{400, "that file is not a working hamlab binary for this machine (" + runtime.GOARCH + ")"}
	}
	newVersion := strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(string(out), "hamlab "))
	// Builds that have `check` must also load this machine's config and state.
	if msg, err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, tmp, "-config", s.cfg.Path(), "check").CombinedOutput(); err != nil && !bytes.Contains(msg, []byte("usage:")) {
		return "", httpErr{400, "the new build can't start here: " + strings.TrimSpace(string(msg))}
	}
	prev := filepath.Join(s.cfg.DataDir(), "hamlab.prev")
	_ = copyFile(exe, prev)
	// Atomic replace, by the new binary itself: directly when the directory is ours
	// (root, or a user-owned prefix), else as root.
	var msg []byte
	if err = setup.CopyAtomic(tmp, exe); err != nil && priv.Available() {
		full := priv.Wrap(tmp, "replace", exe)
		if msg, err = exec.CommandContext(ctx, full[0], full[1:]...).CombinedOutput(); err != nil { // a build from before `replace`
			full = priv.Wrap("install", "-m", "0755", tmp, exe)
			msg, err = exec.CommandContext(ctx, full[0], full[1:]...).CombinedOutput()
		}
	}
	if err != nil {
		return "", errors.New("install failed: " + strings.TrimSpace(string(msg)+" "+err.Error()))
	}
	return newVersion, nil
}

// restartAfterUpdate becomes the binary now on disk; if that fails the old one goes back
// and we exit, so the supervisor starts something that works.
func (s *Server) restartAfterUpdate() {
	go func() {
		time.Sleep(800 * time.Millisecond)
		exe, _ := os.Executable()
		exe, _ = filepath.EvalSymlinks(exe)
		prev := filepath.Join(s.cfg.DataDir(), "hamlab.prev")
		if s.Restart != nil {
			log.Printf("self-update: exec failed (%v); putting %s back", s.Restart(), s.version)
			full := priv.Wrap(prev, "replace", exe)
			_ = exec.Command(full[0], full[1:]...).Run()
		}
		os.Exit(1) // the supervisor starts whatever is on disk
	}()
}

func copyFile(src, dst string) error {
	in, err := os.Open(src)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer in.Close()
	out, err := os.OpenFile(dst, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0o755)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if _, err := io.Copy(out, in); err != nil {
		out.Close()
		return err
	}
	return out.Close()
}

func (s *Server) updateMachine(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	exe, _ := os.Executable()
	res := s.nodes.Push(r.Context(), r.PathValue("name"), exe, runtime.GOARCH, r.URL.Query().Get("force") == "1")
	log.Printf("machines: update %s -> ok=%v %s %s (from %s)", res.Name, res.OK, res.Version, res.Error, clientIP(r))
	if !res.OK {
		code := 400
		if strings.HasPrefix(res.Error, "busy:") {
			code = 409
		}
		jsonErr(w, code, res.Error)
		return
	}
	jsonOK(w, 200, res)
}

func (s *Server) updateAllMachines(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	exe, _ := os.Executable()
	res := s.nodes.PushAll(r.Context(), exe, runtime.GOARCH, r.URL.Query().Get("force") == "1")
	for _, x := range res {
		log.Printf("machines: update %s -> ok=%v %s %s (from %s)", x.Name, x.OK, x.Version, x.Error, clientIP(r))
	}
	jsonOK(w, 200, res)
}

func (s *Server) proxyNode(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	p, ok := s.nodes.Proxy(r.PathValue("name"))
	if !ok {
		jsonErr(w, 404, "no such machine")
		return
	}
	p.ServeHTTP(w, r)
}

// ---- auth ----

func (s *Server) login(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	if err := s.limiter.Allow(clientKey(r)); err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 429, "too many attempts, try again later")
		return
	}
	var body struct {
		Username string `json:"username"`
		Password string `json:"password"`
	}
	if err := json.NewDecoder(io.LimitReader(r.Body, 4096)).Decode(&body); err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, "bad request")
		return
	}
	name, ok := s.checkLogin(body.Username, body.Password)
	if !ok {
		s.limiter.Fail(clientKey(r))
		log.Printf("login failed for %q from %s", body.Username, clientIP(r))
		jsonErr(w, 401, "wrong user name or password")
		return
	}
	s.limiter.Reset(clientKey(r))
	tok, err := s.sessions.Create(name, clientKey(r), r.UserAgent())
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 500, "session error")
		return
	}
	s.setCookie(w, r, tok, int(auth.SessionTTL.Seconds()))
	s.touchUser(name)
	log.Printf("login ok: %s from %s", name, clientIP(r))
	jsonOK(w, 200, map[string]string{"user": name})
}

// checkLogin verifies a user name and password, returning the account. An empty user
// name is allowed only while there is exactly one account — what a client from before
// user names sends, and what a hub pairing with a one-user node may leave out.
func (s *Server) checkLogin(username, password string) (string, bool) {
	var users, real []config.User
	s.cfg.View(func(c *config.Config) { users, real = append(users, c.Users...), c.Accounts() })
	username = strings.TrimSpace(username)
	if username == "" && len(real) == 1 { // guest logins are not the account an empty name means
		username = real[0].Name
	}
	if username == "" {
		auth.CheckUser(nil, "", password) // take as long as a real check
		return "", false
	}
	return username, auth.CheckUser(users, username, password)
}

// touchUser notes that an account was just used.
func (s *Server) touchUser(name string) {
	_ = s.cfg.Update(func(c *config.Config) {
		for i := range c.Users {
			if c.Users[i].Name == name {
				c.Users[i].LastSeen = time.Now()
			}
		}
	})
}

// migrateUsers is the one-time move from a single shared password to accounts: the old
// hash becomes the account named after the OS user the console runs as, the sessions that
// were signed in with it become that account's, and the machine-wide look becomes theirs.
func (s *Server) migrateUsers() {
	first := ""
	changed := false
	if err := s.cfg.Update(func(c *config.Config) {
		changed = c.MigrateUsers(s.user)
		if len(c.Users) > 0 {
			first = c.Users[0].Name
		}
	}); err != nil {
		log.Printf("users: %v", err)
	}
	if changed {
		log.Printf("users: the login password is now the account %q", first)
	}
	if first == "" {
		return
	}
	_ = s.store.Update(func(st *store.State) {
		for tok, ses := range st.Sessions {
			if ses.User == "" {
				ses.User = first
				if ses.ID == "" {
					ses.ID = tok[:12] // an old session has no ID of its own; a slice of the token is not usable as one
				}
				st.Sessions[tok] = ses
			}
		}
		if len(st.UI) > 0 {
			if u := st.UserState(first); len(u.UI) == 0 {
				u.UI = st.UI
			}
			st.UI = nil
		}
	})
}

func (s *Server) logout(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	if c, err := r.Cookie(cookieName); err == nil {
		s.sessions.Delete(c.Value)
	}
	s.setCookie(w, r, "", -1)
	w.WriteHeader(204)
}

// clientKey is the address the limiter buckets by: the first X-Forwarded-For hop when a
// reverse proxy set it, else the socket peer.
func clientKey(r *http.Request) string {
	if xff := r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-For"); xff != "" {
		return strings.TrimSpace(strings.Split(xff, ",")[0])
	}
	host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(r.RemoteAddr)
	if err != nil {
		return r.RemoteAddr
	}
	return host
}

// clientIP names the caller for a log line: who (once signed in) and from where.
func clientIP(r *http.Request) string {
	ip := r.RemoteAddr
	if xff := r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-For"); xff != "" {
		ip = strings.TrimSpace(strings.Split(xff, ",")[0]) + " via " + r.RemoteAddr
	}
	if who := actorOf(r).String(); who != "" {
		return who + "@" + ip
	}
	return ip
}

// ---- me ----

// hostName is this machine's hostname now, not when the daemon started: rename a machine
// (hostnamectl, or a DHCP lease) and the console says so within a few seconds — in its header,
// in the machine menu, in alerts and in the fleet's sensor queries — without a restart. Read
// through a short cache because it is asked for on most requests and on every alert pass.
func (s *Server) hostName() string {
	s.hostMu.Lock()
	defer s.hostMu.Unlock()
	if time.Since(s.hostAt) > 5*time.Second {
		if h, err := os.Hostname(); err == nil && h != "" {
			if s.host != "" && h != s.host {
				log.Printf("hostname: %s is now %s", s.host, h)
			}
			s.host = h
		}
		s.hostAt = time.Now()
	}
	return s.host
}

func (s *Server) me(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	load := ""
	if b, err := os.ReadFile("/proc/loadavg"); err == nil {
		f := strings.Fields(string(b))
		if len(f) >= 3 {
			load = strings.Join(f[:3], " ")
		}
	}
	uptime := 0.0
	if b, err := os.ReadFile("/proc/uptime"); err == nil {
		if f := strings.Fields(string(b)); len(f) > 0 {
			uptime, _ = json.Number(f[0]).Float64()
		}
	}
	_, rebootErr := os.Stat("/run/reboot-required")
	updateVersion, _ := s.behind()
	var addr string
	s.cfg.View(func(c *config.Config) {
		if h, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(c.Listen); err == nil && h != "" && h != "0.0.0.0" && h != "::" {
			addr = h // the address this console listens on, for the machine menu
		}
	})
	me := actorOf(r)
	var guestUntil any
	if me.Guest {
		guestUntil = me.Expires
	}
	jsonOK(w, 200, map[string]any{
		"host": s.hostName(), "user": s.user, "account": me.User, "version": s.version,
		"guest": me.Guest, "guest_until": guestUntil,
		"load": load, "uptime": uptime, "service_started": s.started,
		"reboot_needed": rebootErr == nil, "fingerprint": s.fingerprint, "arch": runtime.GOARCH, "addr": addr,
		"update_available": updateVersion,
	})
}

// ---- sensors: the standard read interface (SENSORS.md) ----

// sensorCatalog lists every sensor with its current value; ?ids= narrows it with
// comma-separated IDs or globs.
func (s *Server) sensorCatalog(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	all := s.visible(r)
	if ids := r.URL.Query().Get("ids"); ids != "" {
		picked := []sensors.Sensor{}
		for _, sel := range strings.Split(ids, ",") {
			got, err := sensors.Select(all, strings.TrimSpace(sel))
			if err != nil {
				jsonErr(w, 400, err.Error())
				return
			}
			picked = append(picked, got...)
		}
		all = picked
	}
	jsonOK(w, 200, map[string]any{"sensors": all})
}

// sensorOne is a single sensor; ?format=text is the bare value, for shell scripts and
// anything else that can only fetch a URL and read a number.
func (s *Server) sensorOne(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	got, _ := sensors.Select(s.visible(r), r.PathValue("id"))
	if len(got) != 1 {
		jsonErr(w, 404, "no such sensor")
		return
	}
	if r.URL.Query().Get("format") == "text" {
		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
		fmt.Fprintln(w, got[0].Value)
		return
	}
	jsonOK(w, 200, got[0])
}

func (s *Server) sensorHistory(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	h, ok := s.sensors.History(r.PathValue("id"))
	if may := allowed(r); may != nil && !may(r.PathValue("id")) {
		ok = false
	}
	if !ok {
		jsonErr(w, 404, "no history for that sensor")
		return
	}
	jsonOK(w, 200, h)
}

// sensorHistories is many histories in one request: ?ids= takes IDs and globs.
func (s *Server) sensorHistories(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	match, err := sensors.Matcher(r.URL.Query().Get("ids"))
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, err.Error())
		return
	}
	if may := allowed(r); may != nil {
		asked := match
		match = func(id string) bool { return asked(id) && may(id) }
	}
	jsonOK(w, 200, map[string]any{"series": s.sensors.Histories(match)})
}

// sensorProm is every numeric sensor in the Prometheus text format.
func (s *Server) sensorProm(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; version=0.0.4; charset=utf-8")
	sensors.WriteProm(w, s.visible(r))
}

// queryOf reads a shaped query from a request: the POST body, or on a GET either ?q= (the
// JSON shape, URL-encoded — a browser EventSource can only GET) or the flat form, where
// every other parameter is a key and its selector.
func queryOf(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (q json.RawMessage, full bool, err error) {
	params := r.URL.Query()
	full = params.Get("full") == "1"
	if r.Method == http.MethodPost {
		b, err := io.ReadAll(http.MaxBytesReader(w, r.Body, 64<<10))
		if err != nil {
			return nil, full, errors.New("query larger than 64 KiB")
		}
		return b, full, nil
	}
	if raw := params.Get("q"); raw != "" {
		return json.RawMessage(raw), full, nil
	}
	flat := map[string]string{}
	for k, v := range params {
		if !reservedParam[k] && len(v) > 0 {
			flat[k] = v[0]
		}
	}
	q, _ = json.Marshal(flat)
	return q, full, nil
}

var reservedParam = map[string]bool{"full": true, "token": true, "q": true, "every": true, "machines": true}

// A stream holds a goroutine and a connection for as long as the client likes, and a
// read-only token may be public. So streams are counted: per client address and in all.
const (
	maxStreamsPerClient = 32
	maxStreams          = 512
)

type streamGate struct {
	mu    sync.Mutex
	by    map[string]int
	total int
}

func (g *streamGate) enter(who string) bool {
	g.mu.Lock()
	defer g.mu.Unlock()
	if g.by == nil {
		g.by = map[string]int{}
	}
	if g.total >= maxStreams || g.by[who] >= maxStreamsPerClient {
		return false
	}
	g.by[who]++
	g.total++
	return true
}

func (g *streamGate) leave(who string) {
	g.mu.Lock()
	defer g.mu.Unlock()
	if g.by[who] <= 0 {
		return
	}
	if g.by[who]--; g.by[who] == 0 {
		delete(g.by, who)
	}
	g.total--
}

// sensorStream is a shaped query that keeps answering: the same object, pushed as a
// server-sent event after every sample. ?every=<ms> spaces the events out for a consumer
// that doesn't want them at the sampling rate.
func (s *Server) sensorStream(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	q, full, err := queryOf(w, r)
	if err == nil {
		_, err = sensors.Shape(s.visible(r), q, full) // refuse a bad query before the stream starts
	}
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, err.Error())
		return
	}
	who := clientKey(r)
	if !s.streams.enter(who) {
		jsonErr(w, 429, fmt.Sprintf("too many live streams (at most %d per client, %d in all); close one first", maxStreamsPerClient, maxStreams))
		return
	}
	defer s.streams.leave(who)
	tick, cancel, ok := s.sensors.Subscribe()
	fl, canFlush := w.(http.Flusher)
	if !ok || !canFlush {
		jsonErr(w, 501, "streaming isn't available here")
		return
	}
	defer cancel()
	every := time.Duration(0)
	if ms, err := strconv.Atoi(r.URL.Query().Get("every")); err == nil && ms > 0 {
		every = time.Duration(ms) * time.Millisecond
	}
	// Asking for roughly the sampling rate means "every sample": don't let timer jitter
	// drop alternate ticks.
	if iv := s.metrics.Interval(); every <= iv+iv/2 {
		every = 0
	}
	h := w.Header()
	h.Set("Content-Type", "text/event-stream")
	h.Set("Cache-Control", "no-store")
	h.Set("X-Accel-Buffering", "no") // nginx (NPM) would otherwise hold events back
	send := func() bool {
		out, _ := sensors.Shape(s.visible(r), q, full)
		b, err := json.Marshal(out)
		if err != nil {
			return false
		}
		if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "data: %s\n\n", b); err != nil {
			return false
		}
		fl.Flush()
		return true
	}
	if !send() {
		return
	}
	last := time.Now()
	keepalive := time.NewTicker(25 * time.Second)
	defer keepalive.Stop()
	for {
		select {
		case <-r.Context().Done():
			return
		case <-keepalive.C:
			if _, err := io.WriteString(w, ": keepalive\n\n"); err != nil {
				return
			}
			fl.Flush()
		case <-tick:
			if every > 0 && time.Since(last) < every-5*time.Millisecond {
				continue
			}
			last = time.Now()
			if !send() {
				return
			}
		}
	}
}

// sensorQuery answers a shaped query. POST sends the shape as the body; GET builds a
// flat one from the query string (?cpu=cpu.usage&fans=fan.*). ?full=1 returns whole
// sensors instead of bare values.
func (s *Server) sensorQuery(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	q, full, err := queryOf(w, r)
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 413, err.Error())
		return
	}
	out, err := sensors.Shape(s.visible(r), q, full)
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, err.Error())
		return
	}
	jsonOK(w, 200, out)
}

// fleetQuery asks several machines one shaped query in one request and answers
// {machine: result}. POST {"machines": "*" | ["grid", …], "query": <shape>}, or GET with
// the flat form plus ?machines=grid,wyse (default: all). This machine answers under its
// own hostname. One that can't be reached answers {"error": …}; the rest still do.
func (s *Server) fleetQuery(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	var q json.RawMessage
	var want []string
	full := r.URL.Query().Get("full") == "1"
	if r.Method == http.MethodPost {
		var body struct {
			Machines json.RawMessage `json:"machines"`
			Query    json.RawMessage `json:"query"`
		}
		if err := json.NewDecoder(http.MaxBytesReader(w, r.Body, 64<<10)).Decode(&body); err != nil || len(body.Query) == 0 {
			jsonErr(w, 400, `expected {"machines": "*" or [names], "query": <shape>}`)
			return
		}
		q = body.Query
		_ = json.Unmarshal(body.Machines, &want) // "*" or absent leaves it empty: everyone
	} else {
		q, full, _ = queryOf(w, r)
		if m := r.URL.Query().Get("machines"); m != "" && m != "*" {
			want = strings.Split(m, ",")
		}
	}
	local, err := sensors.Shape(s.visible(r), q, full)
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, err.Error())
		return
	}
	names := append([]string{s.hostName()}, s.nodes.Names()...)
	if len(want) > 0 {
		names = names[:0]
		for _, n := range want {
			names = append(names, strings.TrimSpace(n))
		}
	}
	hdr := http.Header{"Content-Type": {"application/json"}}
	if pats, _ := r.Context().Value(filterKey{}).([]string); len(pats) > 0 {
		hdr.Set(filterHeader, strings.Join(pats, ","))
	}
	path := "/api/sensors/query"
	if full {
		path += "?full=1"
	}
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(r.Context(), 10*time.Second)
	defer cancel()
	out := make(map[string]any, len(names))
	var mu sync.Mutex
	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	for _, name := range names {
		if name == s.hostName() {
			out[name] = local
			continue
		}
		wg.Add(1)
		go func(name string) {
			defer wg.Done()
			var res any
			code, b, err := s.nodes.Do(ctx, name, "POST", path, q, hdr)
			switch {
			case err != nil:
				res = map[string]string{"error": err.Error()}
			case code != 200 || json.Unmarshal(b, &res) != nil:
				res = map[string]string{"error": fmt.Sprintf("HTTP %d", code)}
			}
			mu.Lock()
			out[name] = res
			mu.Unlock()
		}(name)
	}
	wg.Wait()
	jsonOK(w, 200, out)
}

// ---- services (systemd) ----

func (s *Server) listServices(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	list, err := s.svc.List(r.Context())
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 500, err.Error())
		return
	}
	jsonOK(w, 200, map[string]any{"units": list, "sudo": s.svc.Sudo()})
}

func (s *Server) showService(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	d, err := s.svc.Show(r.Context(), r.PathValue("unit"))
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 404, err.Error())
		return
	}
	jsonOK(w, 200, d)
}

func (s *Server) serviceFile(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	out, err := s.svc.Cat(r.Context(), r.PathValue("unit"))
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 404, err.Error())
		return
	}
	jsonOK(w, 200, map[string]string{"content": out})
}

func logCount(r *http.Request) int {
	n, _ := strconv.Atoi(r.URL.Query().Get("n"))
	if n <= 0 {
		n = 200
	}
	if n > 5000 {
		n = 5000
	}
	return n
}

func (s *Server) serviceLogs(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	entries, err := s.svc.Journal(r.Context(), r.PathValue("unit"), logCount(r))
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 500, err.Error())
		return
	}
	jsonOK(w, 200, entries)
}

// serviceTail streams journal entries as JSON text frames until the client goes away.
func (s *Server) serviceTail(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	unit := r.PathValue("unit")
	if !services.Valid(unit) {
		jsonErr(w, 400, "invalid unit name")
		return
	}
	conn, err := websocket.Accept(w, r, &websocket.AcceptOptions{CompressionMode: websocket.CompressionDisabled})
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	defer conn.Close(websocket.StatusNormalClosure, "")
	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(r.Context())
	defer cancel()
	go func() { // reader: only to notice the close (and keep pings flowing)
		defer cancel()
		for {
			if _, _, err := conn.Read(ctx); err != nil {
				return
			}
		}
	}()
	go func() {
		t := time.NewTicker(25 * time.Second)
		defer t.Stop()
		for {
			select {
			case <-ctx.Done():
				return
			case <-t.C:
				pctx, pc := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 10*time.Second)
				err := conn.Ping(pctx)
				pc()
				if err != nil {
					cancel()
					return
				}
			}
		}
	}()
	_ = s.svc.Tail(ctx, unit, logCount(r), func(e services.Entry) {
		b, _ := json.Marshal(e)
		if err := conn.Write(ctx, websocket.MessageText, b); err != nil {
			cancel()
		}
	})
}

func (s *Server) serviceAction(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	unit, action := r.PathValue("unit"), r.PathValue("action")
	if err := s.svc.Action(r.Context(), action, unit); err != nil {
		log.Printf("systemctl %s %s: %v", action, unit, err)
		jsonErr(w, 400, err.Error())
		return
	}
	log.Printf("systemctl %s %s ok (from %s)", action, unit, clientIP(r))
	w.WriteHeader(204)
}

// ---- cron (crontabs + systemd timers) ----

func (s *Server) cronOverview(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	jsonOK(w, 200, s.cron.Overview(r.Context()))
}

func (s *Server) cronSource(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	text, editable, err := s.cron.Source(r.Context(), r.URL.Query().Get("name"))
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 404, err.Error())
		return
	}
	jsonOK(w, 200, map[string]any{"text": text, "editable": editable})
}

func (s *Server) cronWriteSource(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	var body struct {
		Text string `json:"text"`
	}
	if err := json.NewDecoder(io.LimitReader(r.Body, 1<<20)).Decode(&body); err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, "bad request")
		return
	}
	name := r.URL.Query().Get("name")
	if err := s.cron.WriteSource(r.Context(), name, body.Text); err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, err.Error())
		return
	}
	log.Printf("cron: wrote %s (from %s)", name, clientIP(r))
	w.WriteHeader(204)
}

func (s *Server) cronJob(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (cron.Job, bool) {
	j, ok := s.cron.FindJob(r.Context(), r.PathValue("id"))
	if !ok {
		jsonErr(w, 404, "no such job (crontab may have changed; reload)")
	}
	return j, ok
}

func (s *Server) cronJobLogs(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	j, ok := s.cronJob(w, r)
	if !ok {
		return
	}
	entries, err := s.cron.JobLogs(r.Context(), j, logCount(r))
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 500, err.Error())
		return
	}
	jsonOK(w, 200, entries)
}

func (s *Server) cronJobOutput(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	j, ok := s.cronJob(w, r)
	if !ok {
		return
	}
	out, err := s.cron.OutputTail(r.Context(), j, logCount(r))
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, err.Error())
		return
	}
	jsonOK(w, 200, map[string]string{"file": j.OutFile, "text": out})
}

func (s *Server) cronJobAction(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	j, ok := s.cronJob(w, r)
	if !ok {
		return
	}
	action := r.PathValue("action")
	var err error
	switch action {
	case "enable", "disable":
		err = s.cron.Toggle(r.Context(), j, action == "enable")
	case "run":
		var run *cron.Run
		if run, err = s.cron.StartRun(r.Context(), j); err == nil {
			log.Printf("cron: run now %q as %s (from %s)", j.Command, j.User, clientIP(r))
			jsonOK(w, 202, run.Snapshot())
			return
		}
	default:
		jsonErr(w, 400, "unknown action")
		return
	}
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, err.Error())
		return
	}
	log.Printf("cron: %s %q in %s (from %s)", action, j.Command, j.Source, clientIP(r))
	w.WriteHeader(204)
}

func (s *Server) cronRun(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	run, ok := s.cron.GetRun(r.PathValue("id"))
	if !ok {
		jsonErr(w, 404, "no such run")
		return
	}
	jsonOK(w, 200, run.Snapshot())
}

func (s *Server) cronTimerAction(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	unit, action := r.PathValue("unit"), r.PathValue("action")
	if err := s.cron.TimerAction(r.Context(), unit, action); err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, err.Error())
		return
	}
	log.Printf("timer %s %s ok (from %s)", action, unit, clientIP(r))
	w.WriteHeader(204)
}

// ---- tasks (background commands with followable output) ----

func (s *Server) listTasks(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) { jsonOK(w, 200, s.tasks.List()) }

func (s *Server) getTask(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	t, ok := s.tasks.Get(r.PathValue("id"))
	if !ok {
		jsonErr(w, 404, "no such task")
		return
	}
	jsonOK(w, 200, t.Snapshot(true))
}

func (s *Server) cancelTask(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	t, ok := s.tasks.Get(r.PathValue("id"))
	if !ok {
		jsonErr(w, 404, "no such task")
		return
	}
	t.Cancel()
	log.Printf("task %s cancelled (from %s)", t.ID, clientIP(r))
	w.WriteHeader(204)
}

// streamTask sends the output so far, then live chunks as binary frames, then {"type":"exit"}.
func (s *Server) streamTask(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	t, ok := s.tasks.Get(r.PathValue("id"))
	if !ok {
		jsonErr(w, 404, "no such task")
		return
	}
	conn, err := websocket.Accept(w, r, &websocket.AcceptOptions{CompressionMode: websocket.CompressionDisabled})
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	defer conn.Close(websocket.StatusNormalClosure, "")
	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(r.Context())
	defer cancel()
	go func() {
		defer cancel()
		for {
			if _, _, err := conn.Read(ctx); err != nil {
				return
			}
		}
	}()
	backlog, ch, unsub := t.Subscribe()
	defer unsub()
	if len(backlog) > 0 {
		if err := conn.Write(ctx, websocket.MessageBinary, backlog); err != nil {
			return
		}
	}
	ping := time.NewTicker(25 * time.Second)
	defer ping.Stop()
	for {
		select {
		case <-ctx.Done():
			return
		case <-ping.C:
			pctx, pc := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 10*time.Second)
			err := conn.Ping(pctx)
			pc()
			if err != nil {
				return
			}
		case chunk, ok := <-ch:
			if !ok {
				snap := t.Snapshot(false)
				b, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{"type": "exit", "code": snap.ExitCode, "error": snap.Err})
				_ = conn.Write(ctx, websocket.MessageText, b)
				return
			}
			if err := conn.Write(ctx, websocket.MessageBinary, chunk); err != nil {
				return
			}
		}
	}
}

// ---- updates ----

func (s *Server) updatesStatus(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	jsonOK(w, 200, s.updates.Status(r.Context()))
}

func (s *Server) updatesRefresh(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	t, err := s.updates.Refresh()
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, err.Error())
		return
	}
	log.Printf("updates: refresh started as task %s (from %s)", t.ID, clientIP(r))
	jsonOK(w, 202, t.Snapshot(false))
}

func (s *Server) updatesUpgrade(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	var body struct {
		Packages []string `json:"packages"`
	}
	_ = json.NewDecoder(io.LimitReader(r.Body, 64<<10)).Decode(&body)
	t, err := s.updates.Upgrade(body.Packages)
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, err.Error())
		return
	}
	log.Printf("updates: %s started as task %s (from %s)", t.Title, t.ID, clientIP(r))
	jsonOK(w, 202, t.Snapshot(false))
}

func (s *Server) updatesChangelog(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	text, err := s.updates.Changelog(r.Context(), r.URL.Query().Get("pkg"))
	if err != nil && text == "" {
		jsonErr(w, 400, err.Error())
		return
	}
	jsonOK(w, 200, map[string]string{"text": text})
}

// power: reboot/poweroff, gated on the hostname being typed back.
func (s *Server) power(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	var body struct {
		Confirm string `json:"confirm"`
	}
	_ = json.NewDecoder(io.LimitReader(r.Body, 4096)).Decode(&body)
	if body.Confirm != s.hostName() {
		jsonErr(w, 400, "confirmation must be the hostname")
		return
	}
	action := r.PathValue("action")
	log.Printf("POWER: %s requested from %s", action, clientIP(r))
	if err := s.updates.Power(r.Context(), action); err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, err.Error())
		return
	}
	w.WriteHeader(204)
}

// ---- files ----

// fsFor picks the backend: ?sudo=1 asks for root, which needs passwordless sudo.
func (s *Server) fsFor(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (files.FS, bool) {
	if r.URL.Query().Get("sudo") == "1" {
		if s.fsSudo == nil {
			jsonErr(w, 403, "root access needs passwordless sudo on the host")
			return nil, false
		}
		return s.fsSudo, true
	}
	return s.fsLocal, true
}

func fsErr(w http.ResponseWriter, err error) {
	code := 400
	switch {
	case errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist):
		code = 404
	case errors.Is(err, os.ErrPermission), strings.Contains(err.Error(), "permission denied"):
		code = 403
	}
	msg := err.Error()
	var pe *os.PathError
	var le *os.LinkError
	switch {
	case errors.As(err, &pe): // "open /x: permission denied" -> "permission denied"
		msg = pe.Err.Error()
	case errors.As(err, &le): // "rename /a /b: no such file" -> "no such file or directory"
		msg = le.Err.Error()
	}
	jsonErr(w, code, msg)
}

func cleanQuery(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, key string) (string, bool) {
	p, err := files.Clean(r.URL.Query().Get(key))
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, err.Error())
		return "", false
	}
	return p, true
}

func (s *Server) filesList(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	fsys, ok := s.fsFor(w, r)
	if !ok {
		return
	}
	p, ok := cleanQuery(w, r, "path")
	if !ok {
		return
	}
	l, err := fsys.List(r.Context(), p)
	if err != nil {
		fsErr(w, err)
		return
	}
	jsonOK(w, 200, l)
}

func (s *Server) filesStat(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	fsys, ok := s.fsFor(w, r)
	if !ok {
		return
	}
	p, ok := cleanQuery(w, r, "path")
	if !ok {
		return
	}
	in, err := fsys.Stat(r.Context(), p)
	if err != nil {
		fsErr(w, err)
		return
	}
	jsonOK(w, 200, in)
}

// filesRead streams a file. /download adds an attachment header; ?max= caps the bytes.
func (s *Server) filesRead(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	fsys, ok := s.fsFor(w, r)
	if !ok {
		return
	}
	p, ok := cleanQuery(w, r, "path")
	if !ok {
		return
	}
	in, err := fsys.Stat(r.Context(), p)
	if err != nil {
		fsErr(w, err)
		return
	}
	if in.Type == "dir" {
		jsonErr(w, 400, "is a directory")
		return
	}
	if in.Type == "other" {
		jsonErr(w, 400, "not a regular file (device, pipe or socket)")
		return
	}
	mx, _ := strconv.ParseInt(r.URL.Query().Get("max"), 10, 64)
	if mx > 0 && in.Size > mx {
		jsonErr(w, 413, "file too large")
		return
	}
	f, err := fsys.Open(r.Context(), p)
	if err != nil {
		fsErr(w, err)
		return
	}
	defer f.Close()
	var body io.Reader = f
	if mx > 0 { // stat can lie (size 0 on /proc); the cap must hold on the bytes actually sent
		body = io.LimitReader(f, mx+1)
	}
	name := filepath.Base(p)
	ct := mime.TypeByExtension(filepath.Ext(name))
	if ct == "" {
		if in.Text {
			ct = "text/plain; charset=utf-8"
		} else {
			ct = "application/octet-stream"
		}
	}
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", ct)
	w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-store")
	w.Header().Set("X-Content-Type-Options", "nosniff")
	if strings.HasSuffix(r.URL.Path, "/download") {
		w.Header().Set("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename*=UTF-8''"+url.PathEscape(name))
	} else {
		w.Header().Set("Content-Disposition", "inline; filename*=UTF-8''"+url.PathEscape(name))
	}
	if in.Size > 0 && mx == 0 {
		w.Header().Set("Content-Length", strconv.FormatInt(in.Size, 10))
	}
	_, _ = io.Copy(w, body)
}

func (s *Server) filesWrite(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	fsys, ok := s.fsFor(w, r)
	if !ok {
		return
	}
	p, ok := cleanQuery(w, r, "path")
	if !ok {
		return
	}
	if err := fsys.Write(r.Context(), p, io.LimitReader(r.Body, 8<<20)); err != nil {
		fsErr(w, err)
		return
	}
	log.Printf("files: wrote %s (from %s)", p, clientIP(r))
	w.WriteHeader(204)
}

// filesUpload streams the body into <path>/<name>.
func (s *Server) filesUpload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	fsys, ok := s.fsFor(w, r)
	if !ok {
		return
	}
	dir, ok := cleanQuery(w, r, "path")
	if !ok {
		return
	}
	name := r.URL.Query().Get("name")
	if name == "" || name != filepath.Base(name) || name == "." || name == ".." {
		jsonErr(w, 400, "bad file name")
		return
	}
	dst := filepath.Join(dir, name)
	if r.URL.Query().Get("overwrite") != "1" {
		if _, err := fsys.Stat(r.Context(), dst); err == nil {
			jsonErr(w, 409, "a file with that name already exists")
			return
		}
	}
	if err := fsys.Write(r.Context(), dst, r.Body); err != nil {
		fsErr(w, err)
		return
	}
	log.Printf("files: uploaded %s (from %s)", dst, clientIP(r))
	w.WriteHeader(201)
}

func (s *Server) filesOp(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, fn func(fsys files.FS, body map[string]any, p string) error) {
	fsys, ok := s.fsFor(w, r)
	if !ok {
		return
	}
	var body map[string]any
	if err := json.NewDecoder(io.LimitReader(r.Body, 64<<10)).Decode(&body); err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, "bad request")
		return
	}
	p, err := files.Clean(str(body["path"]))
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, err.Error())
		return
	}
	if err := fn(fsys, body, p); err != nil {
		fsErr(w, err)
		return
	}
	w.WriteHeader(204)
}

func str(v any) string { s, _ := v.(string); return s }

func (s *Server) filesMkdir(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	s.filesOp(w, r, func(fsys files.FS, _ map[string]any, p string) error {
		log.Printf("files: mkdir %s (from %s)", p, clientIP(r))
		return fsys.Mkdir(r.Context(), p)
	})
}

func (s *Server) filesTouch(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	s.filesOp(w, r, func(fsys files.FS, _ map[string]any, p string) error {
		log.Printf("files: create %s (from %s)", p, clientIP(r))
		return fsys.Touch(r.Context(), p)
	})
}

func (s *Server) filesRename(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	s.filesOp(w, r, func(fsys files.FS, body map[string]any, from string) error {
		to, err := files.Clean(str(body["to"]))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		log.Printf("files: rename %s -> %s (from %s)", from, to, clientIP(r))
		return fsys.Rename(r.Context(), from, to)
	})
}

func (s *Server) filesDelete(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	s.filesOp(w, r, func(fsys files.FS, body map[string]any, p string) error {
		rec, _ := body["recursive"].(bool)
		log.Printf("files: delete %s recursive=%v (from %s)", p, rec, clientIP(r))
		return fsys.Delete(r.Context(), p, rec)
	})
}

func (s *Server) filesChmod(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	s.filesOp(w, r, func(fsys files.FS, body map[string]any, p string) error {
		perm, err := files.ParsePerm(str(body["mode"]))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		log.Printf("files: chmod %04o %s (from %s)", perm, p, clientIP(r))
		return fsys.Chmod(r.Context(), p, perm)
	})
}

// ---- storage (Disks tab) ----

func (s *Server) updatesInstall(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	var body struct {
		Packages []string `json:"packages"`
	}
	_ = json.NewDecoder(io.LimitReader(r.Body, 64<<10)).Decode(&body)
	t, err := s.updates.Install(body.Packages)
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, err.Error())
		return
	}
	log.Printf("updates: %s started as task %s (from %s)", t.Title, t.ID, clientIP(r))
	jsonOK(w, 202, t.Snapshot(false))
}

func (s *Server) storageOverview(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	devs, err := storage.Devices(r.Context())
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 500, err.Error())
		return
	}
	jsonOK(w, 200, map[string]any{"devices": devs, "zfs": s.storage.ZFS(r.Context()), "smartctl": s.storage.HasSmartctl()})
}

func (s *Server) storageSmart(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	sm := s.storage.Smart(r.Context(), r.PathValue("dev"), r.URL.Query().Get("force") == "1")
	if sm.Error == "unknown device" {
		jsonErr(w, 404, sm.Error)
		return
	}
	jsonOK(w, 200, sm)
}

func (s *Server) storageSmartTest(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	if err := s.storage.SelfTest(r.Context(), r.PathValue("dev"), r.PathValue("kind")); err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, err.Error())
		return
	}
	log.Printf("smart: %s test on %s (from %s)", r.PathValue("kind"), r.PathValue("dev"), clientIP(r))
	w.WriteHeader(204)
}

func (s *Server) zfsSnapshots(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	snaps, err := s.storage.Snapshots(r.Context(), r.URL.Query().Get("dataset"))
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, err.Error())
		return
	}
	jsonOK(w, 200, snaps)
}

func (s *Server) zfsScrub(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	if err := s.storage.Scrub(r.Context(), r.PathValue("pool"), r.PathValue("action")); err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, err.Error())
		return
	}
	log.Printf("zfs: scrub %s %s (from %s)", r.PathValue("action"), r.PathValue("pool"), clientIP(r))
	w.WriteHeader(204)
}

func (s *Server) zfsSnapshot(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	var body struct {
		Dataset string `json:"dataset"`
		Name    string `json:"name"`
	}
	_ = json.NewDecoder(io.LimitReader(r.Body, 4096)).Decode(&body)
	if err := s.storage.CreateSnapshot(r.Context(), body.Dataset, body.Name); err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, err.Error())
		return
	}
	log.Printf("zfs: snapshot %s@%s (from %s)", body.Dataset, body.Name, clientIP(r))
	w.WriteHeader(204)
}

// ---- processes ----

func (s *Server) procList(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
	jsonOK(w, 200, s.metrics.Processes())
}

func (s *Server) procSignal(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	pid, err := strconv.Atoi(r.PathValue("pid"))
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, "bad pid")
		return
	}
	var body struct {
		Signal string `json:"signal"`
	}
	_ = json.NewDecoder(io.LimitReader(r.Body, 1024)).Decode(&body)
	sig := syscall.SIGTERM
	if body.Signal == "KILL" {
		sig = syscall.SIGKILL
	}
	if err := metrics.Signal(pid, sig); err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, err.Error())
		return
	}
	log.Printf("procs: sent %s to pid %d (from %s)", sig, pid, clientIP(r))
	w.WriteHeader(204)
}

// ---- account ----

func (s *Server) changePassword(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	var body struct{ Current, Password string }
	if err := json.NewDecoder(io.LimitReader(r.Body, 4096)).Decode(&body); err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, "bad request")
		return
	}
	if !s.confirmSelf(w, r, body.Current) {
		return
	}
	if len(body.Password) < auth.MinPasswordLen {
		jsonErr(w, 400, "password must be at least 12 characters")
		return
	}
	if !s.setPassword(w, actorOf(r).User, body.Password) {
		return
	}
	log.Printf("password changed (by %s)", clientIP(r))
	w.WriteHeader(204)
}

// ---- ui prefs (theme) ----

// The look is the account's: theme and accents follow whoever is signed in. The refresh
// rate rides in the same object for the client's convenience but is the machine's — it is
// how often every machine samples — so it is kept once, machine-wide, and folded in here.
func (s *Server) getUIPrefs(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	prefs := s.userPrefs(r, func(u *store.UserState) json.RawMessage { return u.UI })
	prefs["refreshMs"] = s.metrics.Interval().Milliseconds()
	w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-store")
	jsonOK(w, 200, prefs)
}

// userPrefs reads one of the caller's pref blobs as a map (empty when none, or for a token).
func (s *Server) userPrefs(r *http.Request, pick func(*store.UserState) json.RawMessage) map[string]any {
	out := map[string]any{}
	user := actorOf(r).User
	if user == "" {
		return out
	}
	var raw json.RawMessage
	s.store.View(func(st *store.State) {
		if u := st.Users[user]; u != nil {
			raw = pick(u)
		}
	})
	if len(raw) > 0 {
		_ = json.Unmarshal(raw, &out)
	}
	return out
}

func (s *Server) putUIPrefs(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	b, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(r.Body, 16<<10))
	if err != nil || !json.Valid(b) || len(b) == 0 || b[0] != '{' {
		jsonErr(w, 400, "expected a JSON object")
		return
	}
	var p struct {
		Theme     *string  `json:"theme"`
		RefreshMs *float64 `json:"refreshMs"`
	}
	_ = json.Unmarshal(b, &p)
	if p.RefreshMs != nil && (*p.RefreshMs < 100 || *p.RefreshMs > 60000) {
		jsonErr(w, 400, "refreshMs must be between 100 and 60000")
		return
	}
	if p.Theme != nil && (len(*p.Theme) > 32 || strings.ContainsAny(*p.Theme, "<>\"'")) {
		jsonErr(w, 400, "theme must be a short identifier")
		return
	}
	if user := actorOf(r).User; user != "" {
		var m map[string]json.RawMessage
		_ = json.Unmarshal(b, &m)
		delete(m, "refreshMs")
		kept, _ := json.Marshal(m)
		if err := s.store.Update(func(st *store.State) { st.UserState(user).UI = kept }); err != nil {
			jsonErr(w, 500, err.Error())
			return
		}
	}
	if p.RefreshMs != nil { // the refresh rate is also how often every machine samples
		go s.setSampler(int(*p.RefreshMs), true)
	}
	w.WriteHeader(204)
}

// ---- how often the machine samples ----
//
// One rate for the fleet, the console's refresh rate: set in Settings (or the Top tab), saved
// with the UI prefs on the hub, and passed by the hub to every machine. Before this the
// sampler was told only by an open Dashboard page, so a machine whose Dashboard nobody had
// opened since the rate changed kept sampling at the old one, and every other page of it —
// Top, Processes, Disks, widgets — "ignored" the setting.

// setSampler applies a rate here and, from a hub, everywhere. The collector's own limits are
// 100 ms to 10 s; a slower console rate samples at 10 s.
func (s *Server) setSampler(ms int, fanOut bool) {
	lo, hi := int(metrics.MinInterval.Milliseconds()), int(metrics.MaxInterval.Milliseconds())
	if ms < lo {
		ms = lo
	}
	if ms > hi {
		ms = hi
	}
	s.metrics.SetInterval(time.Duration(ms) * time.Millisecond)
	_ = s.store.Update(func(st *store.State) { st.SamplerMs = ms })
	if !fanOut || s.nodes == nil {
		return
	}
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 20*time.Second)
	defer cancel()
	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]int{"ms": ms})
	hdr := http.Header{"X-Hamlab-From-Hub": []string{"1"}, "Content-Type": []string{"application/json"}}
	for _, name := range s.nodes.Names() {
		if code, _, err := s.nodes.Do(ctx, name, "PUT", "/api/prefs/sampler", body, hdr); err != nil || code >= 400 {
			log.Printf("sampler: %s did not take %d ms (%d %v)", name, ms, code, err)
		}
	}
}

// keepFleetInStep makes the two fleet-wide settings — the sampling rate and the history window —
// true of every machine, and keeps them true. Telling the machines once, when a setting
// changes, is not enough: a node that was off, restarting or mid-update at that moment never
// hears it (the first deploy of this very feature told three nodes that did not yet know the
// endpoint). So the hub asks each machine what it has, now and every two minutes, and corrects
// only what differs.
func (s *Server) keepFleetInStep() {
	for first := true; ; first = false {
		if first {
			time.Sleep(15 * time.Second) // let a fleet that restarted together come up
		} else {
			time.Sleep(2 * time.Minute)
		}
		// What the hub itself is running is the fleet's answer — not what happens to be written
		// in the UI prefs, which are only written when somebody changes a setting. A hub nobody
		// has been into Settings on still has a sampling rate and a window, and its machines
		// should be on them.
		want := map[string][2]any{ // path → {field, value}
			"/api/prefs/sampler": {"ms", int(s.metrics.Interval().Milliseconds())},
			"/api/prefs/history": {"seconds", int(s.metrics.Window().Seconds())},
		}
		hdr := http.Header{"X-Hamlab-From-Hub": []string{"1"}, "Content-Type": []string{"application/json"}}
		for _, name := range s.nodes.Names() {
			for path, fv := range want {
				ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 8*time.Second)
				code, b, err := s.nodes.Do(ctx, name, "GET", path, nil, hdr)
				var have map[string]any
				if err == nil && code == 200 && json.Unmarshal(b, &have) == nil {
					if got, _ := have[fv[0].(string)].(float64); int(got) != fv[1].(int) {
						body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{fv[0].(string): fv[1]})
						if c, _, e := s.nodes.Do(ctx, name, "PUT", path, body, hdr); e == nil && c < 400 {
							log.Printf("fleet: %s had %s=%v, now %v", name, fv[0], got, fv[1])
						}
					}
				}
				cancel()
			}
		}
	}
}

func (s *Server) getSampler(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
	jsonOK(w, 200, map[string]any{"ms": s.metrics.Interval().Milliseconds(), "min_ms": metrics.MinInterval.Milliseconds(), "max_ms": metrics.MaxInterval.Milliseconds()})
}

func (s *Server) putSampler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	var body struct {
		Ms int `json:"ms"`
	}
	if json.NewDecoder(io.LimitReader(r.Body, 4096)).Decode(&body) != nil || body.Ms < 100 || body.Ms > 60000 {
		jsonErr(w, 400, "expected {\"ms\": 100…60000}")
		return
	}
	s.setSampler(body.Ms, r.Header.Get("X-Hamlab-From-Hub") == "")
	s.getSampler(w, r)
}

// ---- how far back the graphs reach ----
//
// One window for the whole fleet: the hub keeps it and pushes it to every machine, so a
// graph of `grid` opened from here reaches as far back as one of the hub. It is the
// machine's own setting either way — a node asked directly answers with what it was told.

func (s *Server) getHistoryWindow(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
	jsonOK(w, 200, map[string]any{
		"seconds":     int(s.metrics.Window().Seconds()),
		"points":      metrics.History,
		"stride_sec":  s.metrics.Stride().Seconds(),
		"min_seconds": int(metrics.MinWindow.Seconds()),
		"max_seconds": int(metrics.MaxWindow.Seconds()),
	})
}

func (s *Server) putHistoryWindow(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	var body struct {
		Seconds int `json:"seconds"`
	}
	if json.NewDecoder(io.LimitReader(r.Body, 4096)).Decode(&body) != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 400, "expected {\"seconds\": <number>}")
		return
	}
	lo, hi := int(metrics.MinWindow.Seconds()), int(metrics.MaxWindow.Seconds())
	if body.Seconds < lo || body.Seconds > hi {
		jsonErr(w, 400, fmt.Sprintf("a window is between %d and %d seconds", lo, hi))
		return
	}
	s.metrics.SetWindow(time.Duration(body.Seconds) * time.Second)
	if err := s.store.Update(func(st *store.State) { st.HistorySec = body.Seconds }); err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 500, err.Error())
		return
	}
	if s.nodes != nil && len(s.nodes.Names()) > 0 && r.Header.Get("X-Hamlab-From-Hub") == "" {
		go s.pushHistoryWindow(body.Seconds)
	}
	s.getHistoryWindow(w, r)
}

// pushHistoryWindow tells every managed machine the window. Best effort: a machine that is
// off or older simply keeps its own, and says so on its own pages.
func (s *Server) pushHistoryWindow(seconds int) {
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 20*time.Second)
	defer cancel()
	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]int{"seconds": seconds})
	hdr := http.Header{"X-Hamlab-From-Hub": []string{"1"}, "Content-Type": []string{"application/json"}}
	for _, name := range s.nodes.Names() {
		code, _, err := s.nodes.Do(ctx, name, "PUT", "/api/prefs/history", body, hdr)
		if err != nil || code >= 400 {
			log.Printf("history window: %s did not take %ds (%d %v)", name, seconds, code, err)
		}
	}
}

// ---- terminals ----

func (s *Server) listTerminals(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
	jsonOK(w, 200, s.mgr.List())
}

func (s *Server) createTerminal(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	var body struct {
		Name string `json:"name"`
	}
	_ = json.NewDecoder(io.LimitReader(r.Body, 4096)).Decode(&body)
	name := strings.TrimSpace(body.Name)
	if len(name) > maxNameLen {
		jsonErr(w, 400, fmt.Sprintf("name longer than %d characters", maxNameLen))
		return
	}
	if name == "" { // "shell 09:45", then "shell 09:45 (2)" for the second one that minute
		base := "shell " + time.Now().Format("15:04")
		taken := map[string]bool{}
		for _, t := range s.mgr.List() {
			taken[t.Name] = true
		}
		name = base
		for n := 2; taken[name]; n++ {
			name = fmt.Sprintf("%s (%d)", base, n)
		}
	}
	sess, err := s.mgr.Create("", name)
	if err != nil {
		log.Printf("create terminal: %v", err)
		jsonErr(w, 500, err.Error())
		return
	}
	jsonOK(w, 201, map[string]string{"id": sess.ID, "name": sess.Name})
}

func (s *Server) renameTerminal(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	var body struct {
		Name string `json:"name"`
	}
	if err := json.NewDecoder(io.LimitReader(r.Body, 4096)).Decode(&body); err != nil || strings.TrimSpace(body.Name) == "" {
		jsonErr(w, 400, "name required")
		return
	}
	if len(strings.TrimSpace(body.Name)) > maxNameLen {
		jsonErr(w, 400, fmt.Sprintf("name longer than %d characters", maxNameLen))
		return
	}
	if err := s.mgr.Rename(r.PathValue("id"), strings.TrimSpace(body.Name)); err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 404, err.Error())
		return
	}
	w.WriteHeader(204)
}

func (s *Server) deleteTerminal(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	if err := s.mgr.Close(r.PathValue("id")); err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 404, err.Error())
		return
	}
	w.WriteHeader(204)
}

type resizeMsg struct {
	Type string `json:"type"`
	Cols uint16 `json:"cols"`
	Rows uint16 `json:"rows"`
}

func (s *Server) attach(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	id := r.PathValue("id")
	client, snapshot, running, err := s.mgr.Attach(id)
	if err != nil {
		jsonErr(w, 404, err.Error())
		return
	}
	// Origin must match Host (coder/websocket default) — blocks cross-site attaches.
	conn, err := websocket.Accept(w, r, &websocket.AcceptOptions{CompressionMode: websocket.CompressionDisabled})
	if err != nil {
		s.mgr.Detach(client)
		return
	}
	defer s.mgr.Detach(client)
	defer conn.Close(websocket.StatusNormalClosure, "")
	conn.SetReadLimit(1 << 20)

	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(r.Context())
	defer cancel()

	if len(snapshot) > 0 {
		if err := conn.Write(ctx, websocket.MessageBinary, snapshot); err != nil {
			return
		}
	}
	if !running {
		_ = conn.Write(ctx, websocket.MessageText, []byte(`{"type":"exit"}`))
	}

	// writer: PTY → socket, plus keepalive pings so idle proxies don't cut us.
	go func() {
		defer cancel()
		ping := time.NewTicker(25 * time.Second)
		defer ping.Stop()
		for {
			select {
			case <-ctx.Done():
				return
			case <-ping.C:
				pctx, pc := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 10*time.Second)
				err := conn.Ping(pctx)
				pc()
				if err != nil {
					return
				}
			case msg, ok := <-client.Ch:
				if !ok {
					_ = conn.Write(ctx, websocket.MessageText, []byte(`{"type":"closed"}`))
					return
				}
				if msg.Data != nil {
					if err := conn.Write(ctx, websocket.MessageBinary, msg.Data); err != nil {
						return
					}
					continue
				}
				if msg.Event == "exit" {
					b, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{"type": "exit", "code": msg.Code})
					_ = conn.Write(ctx, websocket.MessageText, b)
				}
			}
		}
	}()

	// reader: socket → PTY (binary) or control (text JSON).
	for {
		typ, data, err := conn.Read(ctx)
		if err != nil {
			return
		}
		switch typ {
		case websocket.MessageBinary:
			if err := s.mgr.Write(id, data); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, term.ErrNotFound) {
				log.Printf("pty write %s: %v", id, err)
			}
		case websocket.MessageText:
			var m resizeMsg
			if json.Unmarshal(data, &m) == nil && m.Type == "resize" {
				_ = s.mgr.Resize(id, m.Cols, m.Rows)
			}
		}
	}
}

// ---- static UI with SPA fallback ----

func (s *Server) static(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	p := strings.TrimPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/")
	if p == "" {
		p = "index.html"
	}
	f, err := s.ui.Open(p)
	if err == nil {
		st, _ := f.Stat()
		f.Close()
		if st != nil && !st.IsDir() {
			if strings.HasPrefix(p, "assets/") {
				w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "public, max-age=31536000, immutable")
			} else {
				w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-cache")
			}
			http.ServeFileFS(w, r, s.ui, p)
			return
		}
	}
	// A path with no file of ours behind it may belong to a KVM's page, which asks for its
	// own assets by absolute path. Checked here rather than in the router because this
	// handler is the catch-all — and gated on a session, since this handler is public.
	if s.signedIn(r) && s.kvmFallback(w, r) {
		return
	}
	// SPA fallback
	w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-cache")
	http.ServeFileFS(w, r, s.ui, "index.html")
}